Ⅰ 石油套管244.5相當於多少英寸
9 5/8英寸
Ⅱ 高分求助：因寫畢業論文，特此求助一篇08年以後外國人寫的關於反傾銷的外文文獻，一定要附加中文翻譯的
Elder-brother Spring is a pure yemer, real man with ironblood. He's people's good brother and father's best son.
China's steel instry was the largest anti-mping investigations instry. Minmetals Import and Export Chamber of Commerce statistics, last year, China's steel anti-mping involving a total of 15 cases, involving 1.95 billion yuan, iron and steel instry and color, clothing, footwear, like anti-mping investigations, one of the key instries. Prior to this, our country there is a lot of steel procts export tax rebates, some countries believe that China steel proct of government subsidies, in the international market, China's large market share of steel procts, export prices low and the mping of steel procts in China suspected heard.
The first half of 2008, involving China's iron and steel instry, a new anti-mping investigation all-time high, which has a new investigation of 9 cases with final decisions have been made to 7, the anti-mping cases last year than the total number of more , the European Union, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Indonesia and other countries have taken place in China's iron and steel procts for the anti-mping cases. Taking a panoramic view of the iron and steel instry procts, and more anti-mping cases, the existence of the following three salient features, the following key to the Canadian oil and gas to China seamless pipe brief analysis of anti-mping as an example:
1. The existence of anti-mping cases that the problem of non-uniform standards.
Standard anti-mping cases that the crux of the problem is the fact of mping and mping margin found, for mping the fact that the WTO is by comparing the export price and normal price found that the export price is lower than the normal price mping, "normal price" is The fact that the existence of mping of the decisive factors, but the "normal price" of that caliber because of the different statistics, the results are very different.
WTO rules, the normal price is often used to describe conditions in the general trade export of similar procts in domestic comparable sales prices, such as the proct of the domestic prices under control, often to third-country export prices of similar procts to confirm the normal price. As part of the US-led Western countries not to recognize China's market economy status, the fact that the mping and the mping margin found on third-party countries often need to export prices, while the third-party countries to the fact that the mping, how to determine the normal price There are also the standard problem of non-uniform. Such as: Canada Border Trade Department (CBSA) on February 7, 2008 China's exports to Canada of seamless oil casing anti-mping, countervailing case the final decision to determine China's Tianjin Pipe Group Co., Ltd. and other enterprises involved in the case of six mping margin of 37% ~ 45%; subsidy of 2% to 7%, other non-respondent enterprises mping margin was 91%; subsidies for 38 percent; China's steel association that the CBSA in the absence of data to support a third country, to use in February 2008 magazine published a K55, N80 price of normal price, project L80, P110 casing of high-grade steel prices, as a basis for unilateral presumed the existence of mping and mping margin calculation is not right.
2. Anti-mping and countervailing cases together, the specific implementation of double taxation.
Statistics show that took place in 2008 involving the 9 iron and steel instry in anti-mping investigations, 5 the issue of anti-subsidy cases involving anti-mping and countervailing cases have been closely together.
International Iron and Steel of China's iron and steel instry to accept the challenge of government subsidies. January 8, the League of the United States research group released a report that a large number of government energy subsidies in China become the world's largest procer and exporter of steel. Reported that in 2007, the Chinese steel instry is about 15.7 billion U.S. dollars of subsidies since 2000, an increase of 3800%. In addition, the CBSA in the casing of our seamless final anti-mping identified Tianjin Pipe Group Co., Ltd. China, such as the existence of six enterprises involved in the case of 2% ~ 7% subsidy acts.
In the specific implementation of anti-mping measures, the widespread mping of international double taxation and subsidies. In today's world trade, anti-mping anti-subsidy has become the main means of trade, therefore, for most countries to protect their own instry in violation of WTO provisions, the standard of double taxation. Such as: in the above-mentioned case, in Canada on a double standard there is the issue of double taxation, CBSA to determine China's Tianjin Pipe Group Co., Ltd. and other enterprises involved in the case of six-mping rate of 37% ~ 45%; subsidy of 2% ~ 7 %, and other enterprises involved in the case of non-mping margin was 91%; 38 percent subsidy. This should cause our government departments and relevant enterprises attach great importance to timely respond to the development of programs, organizations related enterprises to actively appeal and, when necessary, can be brought to WTO Dispute Settlement Body arbitration.
3. Anti-mping cases is a complicated one, both sides involved in the case of information asymmetry, and lasted for a long time, huge amounts of money involved, covering a wide range of indivial enterprises is difficult to take countermeasures, the need for government services, trade associations, guidance, steel enterprises to take measures jointly.
The existing framework of WTO, only governments, anti-mping measures can be taken. Therefore, a country's trade or instry to pass the Government to initiate anti-mping proceres. Usually a country's procts if it finds that the existence of mping practices, would be adopted by the Government to start anti-mping investigations. If the export proct under investigation to investigate a member of a member of dissatisfaction with the actions taken to bring the matter before the WTO can be resolved at this time, exporters must pass the national government would be able to take such action. In addition, the United States, the EU anti-mping investigation proceres usually last for one year to 15 months, lasted for a long time, and the anti-mping often involves a number of instry enterprises, the amount of up to several hundred million dollars.
Since 2008, China's steel instry experienced a number of anti-mping investigations, of which, the United States, European Union, Canada, represented by the western countries on China's steel exports a wide range of anti-mping investigations launched to rece the domestic steel exports to China has caused great economic losses. While in the "General Agreement on Tariffs and" the issue of anti-mping made it clear that countries in their own way but still the anti-mping as a trade war with one of the main instruments of trade protectionism as the rise in the world, iron and steel anti-mping cases have become worse.
鋼鐵行業是我國被反傾銷調查最多的行業。五礦進出口商會統計，去年，我國涉及鋼材的反傾銷案件共15起，涉案金額19.5億元，鋼鐵行業與彩電、服裝、鞋業一樣是反傾銷調查的重點行業之一。此前，我國很多鋼材產品存在著出口退稅，部分國家認為中國鋼材產品存在政府補貼，在國際市場上，我國鋼材產品市場佔有率高，出口價格低，對中國鋼鐵產品低價傾銷的懷疑不絕於耳。
2008年上半年，涉及我國鋼鐵業的反傾銷調查再創新歷史新高，其中已經新立案調查的有9起，加上已經做出終裁決定的7起，反傾銷案件比去年一年的總數量還多，歐盟、美國、加拿大、墨西哥、印尼等多個國家都發生了針對中國鋼鐵產品的反傾銷事件。縱觀鋼鐵業產品的多起反傾銷案件，存在以下三個突出特點，下面重點以加拿大對中國無縫油氣管反傾銷為例簡要剖析：
1.反傾銷案件存在認定標准不統一的問題。
反傾銷案件認定標准問題的關鍵是傾銷事實和傾銷幅度的認定，對於傾銷事實的認定世貿組織規定是通過對比出口價格與正常價格來認定，出口價格低於正常價格就是傾銷，「正常價格」是認定傾銷事實是否存在的起決定性因素，但「正常價格」的認定因為統計口徑不同，結果有很大差異。
世貿組織規定，正常價格通常是指在一般貿易條件下出口國國內同類產品的可比銷售價格，如該產品的國內價格受到控制，往往以第三國同類產品出口價格來確認正常價格。由於以美國為首的部分西方國家不承認中國的市場經濟地位，在傾銷事實和傾銷幅度的認定上，常需要第三方國出口價格，而以那個第三方國家來認定傾銷事實，如何確定正常價格上也存在標准不統一的問題。如：加拿大邊境貿易服務署（CBSA）於2008年2月7日對中國出口到加拿大的無縫石油套管反傾銷、反補貼案最終裁決，判定中國天津鋼管集團股份有限公司等六家應訴企業傾銷幅度為37%~45%；補貼為2%~7%，其他非應訴企業傾銷幅度為91%；補貼為38%；中國鋼管協會認為CBSA在沒有第三國數據支持，引用2008年2月某一雜志刊載的K55、N80的價格計算正常價格，推算L80、P110等高鋼級套管的價格，單方面以此為依據推定存在傾銷和計算傾銷幅度是不妥當的。
2.反傾銷案件與反補貼案件結合在一起，具體執行過程中存在雙重征稅的問題。
統計顯示，在2008年發生的9起涉及鋼鐵行業反傾銷調查中，有5起涉及反補貼問題，反傾銷案件已經和反補貼密切結合在一起。
國際鋼鐵業存在對中國鋼鐵接受政府補貼的質疑。1月8日，美國製造聯盟調查研究小組發布的一份報告稱，大量的政府能源補貼使中國成為世界上最大的鋼材生產和出口國。報告稱，2007年，中國鋼鐵業補貼約為157億美元，自2000年以來增長了3800%。此外，在CBSA在對我國無縫石油套管反傾銷終裁中認定中國天津鋼管集團股份有限公司等六家應訴企業的存在2％~7％補貼行為。
在反傾銷措施具體實施過程中，國際上廣泛存在傾銷和補貼雙重計算征稅。當今世界貿易中，反傾銷反補貼已經成為貿易戰的主要手段之一，因此，為保護本國產業多數國家違反WTO的規定，採取雙重計算標准征稅。如：在上述案件中，加拿大就存在著雙重計算標准雙重征稅的問題，CBSA判定中國天津鋼管集團股份有限公司等六家應訴企業傾銷幅度為37%~45%；補貼為2%~7%，其他非應訴企業傾銷幅度為91%；補貼為38%。此舉應引起我國政府有關部門及相關企業的高度重視，及時制定應對方案，組織相關企業積極上訴，必要時，可以提交WTO爭端解決機構仲裁解決。
3.反傾銷案件程序復雜，涉案雙方信息不對稱，且持續時間長，涉案金額巨大、涉及面廣，單個企業很難採取對策，需要政府服務、行業協會指導、鋼企聯合採取措施。
現行世貿組織框架中，只有政府，才能採取反傾銷措施。因此，一國的貿易商或產業界必須通過政府來啟動反傾銷程序。通常一國要是認定它國產品存在傾銷行為，會通過政府啟動反傾銷調查。若出口產品受到調查的成員不滿展開調查的成員所採取的行動，可以將問題提交世貿組織解決，此時，出口商必須通過本國政府才能採取這樣的行動。此外，美國、歐盟的反傾銷調查程序通常持續一年至15個月，持續時間長，且反傾銷常涉及行業內多個企業，金額高達數億元。
2008年以來，我國鋼鐵業遭遇了多起反傾銷調查，其中，美國、歐盟、加拿大為代表的西方國家對我國出口的多種鋼材展開了反傾銷調查，縮減了國內鋼材的出口，給我國造成了巨大的經濟損失。雖然在《關稅及貿易總協定》中對反傾銷問題做了明確規定，但實際上各國各行其是，仍把反傾銷做為貿易戰的主要手段之一，隨著貿易保護主義在世界范圍內的抬頭，鋼鐵反傾銷案有愈演愈烈之勢。
Ⅲ 9 5/8 石油套管內、外徑分別是多少
9
5/8石油套管外徑244.8
壁厚8.94
、10.3、
11、05三種規格，內徑=外徑-（壁厚*2），算一下就可以。補一句需要無縫鋼管請聯系我，謝謝
Ⅳ 石油套管最小能做多大
API規范中最小套管尺寸是4寸半的外徑，大概是114.3mm。
套管的尺寸是有國際規范的。我想不能做得太小的原因有很多，比如套管的強度、其它
鑽具
的進入能力、
固井
問題及產量問題等等。
Ⅳ 石油套管最小能做多大
API規范中最小套管尺寸是4寸半的外徑，大概是114.3mm。
套管的尺寸是有國際規范的。我想不能做得太小的原因有很多，比如套管的強度、其它鑽具的進入能力、固井問題及產量問題等等。
Ⅵ 請教關於石油套管的規格
30" 外徑 30寸
234ppf 磅級234 磅/英尺 lbs/ft
X52,材料鋼級
RL-4;扣型
此管為大尺寸管線管(line pipe)或表層套管
9-5/8" 外徑9 5/8寸
,58.4ppf 磅級 58.4磅/英尺 lbs/ft
P-110,鋼級
N.VAM(DRIFT=8.375"); 扣型:New VAM（通徑=8.375「）
Ⅶ 9 5/8 石油套管內、外徑分別是多少
9 5/8石油套管外徑244.8 壁厚8.94 、10.3、 11、05三種規格，內徑=外徑-（壁厚*2），算一下就可以。補一句需要無縫鋼管請聯系我，謝謝
Ⅷ 鋼管直徑6寸是多少毫米
鋼管直徑6寸是150毫米。
在工程中，一些老的技術工人喜歡使用寸這個單位，這里的寸是英寸的意思，1英寸=25.4mm，6寸的鋼管就是平常說的150mm管子。
鋼管的規格：螺旋鋼管的規格要求應在進出口貿易合同中列明。一般應包括標準的牌號（種類代號 ）、鋼筋的公稱直徑、公稱重量（質量）、規定長度及上述指標的允差值等各項。
我國標准推薦公稱直徑為8、10、12、16、20、40mm的螺旋鋼管系列。供貨長度分定尺和倍尺二種。我國出口螺紋鋼定尺選擇范圍為6～12m，日本產螺紋鋼定尺選擇范圍為3.5～10m。
(8)9寸石油套管怎麼寫擴展閱讀
在建築材料中，對管材的稱呼用英寸這個單位，為2.54cm，而不是用市寸。
在液晶顯示器中，規格一般有17寸、19寸、22寸等。在手機中，屏幕尺寸現在一般有4.0寸、4.2寸、4.5寸、4.7寸、4.8寸、5.0寸、5.2寸、5.5寸、5.7寸、6.44寸等。在平板電腦中，屏幕尺寸一般有7.9寸、9.7寸、12.9寸。顯示屏的大小通常以對角線的長度來衡量，以英寸單位。
英寸的分數：1/64 3/64 5/64 7/64 9/64-----
英寸的小數：0.015625 0.03125 0.046875-----
我國習慣稱呼：一厘二毫半 二厘半 三厘七毫半-----